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硬(ying)質合金生產原理(li)概(gai)述? ????
硬質(zhi)(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)組分中難溶(rong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬化(hua)(hua)合(he)物熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)(dian)高,黏結金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)(dian)低(di),組分熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)(dian)差異大,不能應用熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鑄法制(zhi)造(zao)硬質(zhi)(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。通(tong)常采用粉(fen)(fen)末冶金(jin)(jin)(jin)方法,即(ji)先將各種(zhong)原料制(zhi)成(cheng)粉(fen)(fen)末,再(zai)經配料、濕磨(mo)、干燥、成(cheng)形、燒(shao)結制(zhi)取(qu)硬質(zhi)(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。硬質(zhi)(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)燒(shao)結的(de)加熱(re)溫(wen)度為合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)成(cheng)分中低(di)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)(dian)組分的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度,熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鑄溫(wen)度為高熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)點(dian)(dian)組分的(de)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度。燒(shao)結過程中只(zhi)有部分組元熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)。通(tong)過液(ye)相(xiang)燒(shao)結使(shi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)中已熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)部分將末熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)化(hua)(hua)的(de)部分黏結在一起。硬質(zhi)(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)燒(shao)結中出(chu)現部分液(ye)相(xiang),是(shi)其(qi)顯著特征。? ???
硬質合(he)金的組成? ????
根據硬質(zhi)(zhi)合(he)金的成分及結構組成,可將硬質(zhi)(zhi)合(he)金分為以下(xia)幾類:??
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(1)WC\Co類硬質合金? ??????
人們常(chang)常(chang)把這一(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)硬質合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)稱為非(fei)合體(ti)化(hua)WC類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),切(qie)削鑄鐵類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)或硬質合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)耐磨零(ling)件(jian)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。這類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)大都(dou)由金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬鈷(gu)黏結(jie)(jie)WC顆(ke)粒(li)所(suo)組成,也有用(yong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬Ni或Fe作為黏結(jie)(jie)劑材料的(de)(de)。用(yong)做(zuo)切(qie)削工具牌(pai)號(hao)的(de)(de)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),其含鈷(gu)量一(yi)般在3%?~?13%;用(yong)于(yu)耐磨零(ling)件(jian)牌(pai)號(hao)的(de)(de)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),其含鈷(gu)量一(yi)般在3%?~?13%;用(yong)于(yu)耐磨零(ling)件(jian)牌(pai)號(hao)的(de)(de)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),其含鈷(gu)量可高達30%以上,WC晶粒(li)的(de)(de)平均尺寸一(yi)般在10μm以下。增高含鈷(gu)量或增大WC晶粒(li)尺寸時,會降低(di)合金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)硬度,但可使材料抗機械振動的(de)(de)能力增強。?
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(2)WC-TiC-Co類硬質合金? ??????
這類(lei)硬(ying)(ying)質合(he)金也稱為合(he)金化(hua)WC類(lei),切削鋼材類(lei)或(huo)抗月(yue)牙洼(wa)磨(mo)損(sun)類(lei)。在這些牌號的合(he)金中,鈷為黏(nian)結劑(ji)相,WC和合(he)金化(hua)WC是主(zhu)要(yao)硬(ying)(ying)質相,還含有(you)碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)鉭等附加(jia)硬(ying)(ying)質相。WC在碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)鈦(tai)中的溶解度很大,WC溶解在碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)鈦(tai)中形成固(gu)(gu)熔體幾乎呈理想的TiC晶格,保(bao)持(chi)了碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)鈦(tai)所固(gu)(gu)有(you)的高(gao)硬(ying)(ying)度和高(gao)耐磨(mo)性。
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(3)特殊硬質合金? ??
這類硬(ying)(ying)(ying)質(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)的(de)組織結構復雜,如涂層(ceng)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)質(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)、鋼結硬(ying)(ying)(ying)質(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)、碳氮化鈦基硬(ying)(ying)(ying)質(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)、鑄造(zao)WC、碳化鉻、鎳(nie)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)質(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)、碳化鈦-氧化鋁基硬(ying)(ying)(ying)質(zhi)合(he)金(jin)(jin)等。